What are the two schools of thought on how behavior evolves?

The correct answer focuses on two predominant theories in psychology that address how behavior develops and is influenced. The cognitive perspective emphasizes mental processes, such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving, suggesting that behavior is a result of internal thought processes and cognitive functions. This school of thought investigates how information is processed and how perceptions of the world shape behavior.

In contrast, the behaviorist perspective focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. It posits that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment, primarily through conditioning processes—both classical and operant conditioning. Behaviorists argue that understanding these patterns of behavior does not require delving into mental processes, as they can be explained through observable actions and reactions.

These two perspectives together offer a comprehensive view of behavior development; the cognitive perspective highlights the internal mental processes involved, while the behaviorist perspective emphasizes the external factors influencing behavior. This distinction is critical in understanding the variety of factors that influence how individuals act and react in different situations.